3. planning

3.2. Types of plans

1. Strategy

Is a set of activities or processes that an organization intends to use in order to achieve its goals & objectives.

2. Policies

A policy is a pre-determined guide established to provide discretion in decision-making. Policies encourage discretion and initiative but within limits.

3. Procedures

A procedure is a series of steps for the accomplishment of some specific task. It is a chronological sequence of steps to be under taken to attain an objective.

Procedures are a guide to action rather than thinking and detail the exact manner in which certain activities must be accomplished. They do not allow for discretion.

4. Rules

This spell out the specific required actions or non-actions, allowing no discretion, they are the simplest type of plan. Rules serve as a guide but provide no discretion in their application.

5. Programmes

A Program is a complex of goals, procedures, rules, tasks, assignments, steps to be taken, resources to be employed and other elements necessary to carry out a given course of action. They are ordinary supported by budgets.

A primary programme may call for many supporting programmes. These and other programmes must be devised and implemented before the primary programme and this calls for coordination since delay in one area may affect all the other programmes.

6. Budgets

A budget is a statement of expected results expressed in numerical terms for a definite period of time in the future. It expresses a plan in precise terms.

 

7. Schedules

A schedule specifies time limits within which activities are to be completed. Scheduling is the process of establishing a time sequence for the work to be done. Schedules are essential for avoiding delays and for ensuring continuity of operation. A schedule lays down a timetable fixing starting and finishing dates for different activities

 

8.Project

Any undertaking that has definite, final objectives representing specified values to be used in the satisfaction of some need or desire.